Influence of match status on corner kick in elite soccer

El propósito del estudio es analizar como la variable situacional resultado parcial puede afectar al comportamiento táctico-estratégico en los saques de esquina en fútbol. Se han estudiado 902 saques de esquina realizados en 95 partidos correspondientes a la UEFA Euro 2012, y Fase Final de la FIFA World Cup 2010. Para identificar las interacciones se utilizó el método de crecimiento Chi-square automatic interaction detector (CHAID), que nos ha permitido identificar tres modelos: con el resultado de empate en los últimos minutos de juego, el equipo atacante incorpora al remate entre 2 a 5 jugadores y el equipo rival sitúa 1 ó 2 jugadores bajo palos. Ganando en los últimos minutos del encuentro, el equipo sitúa también entre 2 a 5 jugadores en ataque y el rival no defiende bajo palos. Perdiendo en los últimos minutos del encuentro, el equipo atacante incorpora a 6 o más jugadores al ataqueThe aim of this study was to examine the effects of the situational variable match status on corner kicks performance indicators in 95 matches played during the final stages of the 2012 UEFA European Championships and the 2010 FIFA World Cup. Video recordings of the matches were analyzed and coded post-event using notational analysis. Multiple interactions between the performance indicators and match status were analyzed using the Chi-squared automatic interaction detection (CHAID) decision-tree method. The results show that when a corner kick is taken during the last 30 minutes of the match, teams that are losing place 6 or more attackers in the shooting area, while teams that are drawing place 2-5 attackers in this area. In the same situation, teams that are drawing place 1-2 defenders at the goalposts while winning teams place non

Populational analysis of Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains from different appellations of origin and grape varieties by microsatellite analysis.

The objective of the present study was to evaluate populational relationships among Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains isolated from some of the Portuguese most important grapevine varieties in different appellations of origin, using polymorphic microsatellites. 
One hundred ninety two grape samples were collected during the 2006 and 2007 harvest season in the Vinho Verde (grape varieties: Arinto, Alvarinho, Avesso, Loureiro, Touriga Nacional) Bairrada (grape varieties: Arinto, Baga, Castelão Francês, Maria Gomes, Touriga Nacional) Alentejo (grape varieties, Aragonês, Trincadeira, Touriga Nacional), Terras do Sado (grape variety Castelão) Bucelas (grape variety Arinto) and Estremadura (grape varieties: Arinto, Aragonês, Castelão, Trincadeira, Touriga Nacional) appellations of origin. From the final stage of spontaneous fermentations, 2820 yeast isolates were obtained, mainly belonging to the species S. cerevisiae. An initial genetic screen, based on mitochondrial DNA restriction fragment length polymorphism (mtDNA RFLP) and/or interdelta sequence analysis was followed by microsatellite analysis of strains with unique genetic profiles, using 10 highly polymorphic microsatellites. Our results showed that microsatellite analysis revealed a high resolution populational screen, showing that genetic differences and populational structures among S. cerevisiae populations derived from both “diagnostic” vineyard-, specific alleles and the accumulation of small allele-frequency differences across ten microsatellite loci. Heterozygosity was three to four times lower than the expected value, confirming the strong populational substructuring. The presented large-scale approach shows that each vineyard contains differentiated S. cerevisiae populations, showing the occurrence of specific native strains that can be associated with a terroir. 

Financially supported by the programs POCI 2010 (FEDER/FCT, POCTI/AGR/56102/2004) and AGRO (ENOSAFE, Nº 762).
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Mixture of Fluids involving Entropy Gradients and Acceleration Waves in Interfacial Layers

Through an Hamiltonian action we write down the system of equations of motions for a mixture of thermocapillary fluids under the assumption that the internal energy is a function not only of the gradient of the densities but also of the gradient of the entropies of each component. A Lagrangian associated with the kinetic energy and the internal energy allows to obtain the equations of momentum for each component and for the barycentric motion of the mixture. We obtain also the balance of energy and we prove that the equations are compatible with the second law of thermodynamics. Though the system is of parabolic type, we prove that there exist two tangential acceleration waves that characterize the interfacial motion. The dependence of the internal energy of the entropy gradients is mandatory for the existence of this kind of waves. The differential system is non-linear but the waves propagate without distortion due to the fact that they are linearly degenerate (exceptional waves).Comment: 30 page

Mycoplasma bovis-induced inhibition of bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cell proliferation is ameliorated after blocking the immune-inhibitory programmed death 1 receptor

Mycoplasma bovis-induced immune suppression is a major obstacle faced by the host for controlling infections. M. bovis impairment of antigen-specific T-cell responses is achieved through inhibiting the proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). This impairment may contribute to the persistence of M. bovis infection in various sites, including lungs, and its systemic spread to various organs such as joints, with the underlying mechanisms remaining elusive. Here, we elucidated the role of the immune-inhibitory receptor programmed death 1 (PD-1) and its ligand (PD-L1) in M. bovis infection. Flow cytometry (FCM) analyses revealed an upregulation of PD-L1 expression on tracheal and lung epithelial cell lines after M. bovis infection. In addition, we found increased PD-L1 expression on purified lung lavage macrophages following M. bovis infection by FCM and determined its localization by immunofluorescence analysis comparing infected and control lung tissue sections. Moreover, M. bovis infection increased the expression of the PD-1 receptor on total PBMCs and in gated CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell subpopulations. We demonstrated that M. bovis infection induced a significant decrease in CD4+ PD-1INT and CD8+ PD-1INT subsets with intermediate PD-1 expression, which functioned as progenitor pools giving rise to CD4+ PD-1HIGH and CD8+ PD-1HIGH subsets with high PD-1 expression levels. We blocked PD-1 receptors on PBMCs using anti-PD-1 antibody at the beginning of infection, leading to a significant restoration of the proliferation of PBMCs. Taken together, our data indicate a significant involvement of the PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitory pathway during M. bovis infection and its associated immune exhaustion, culminating in impaired host immune responses. - 2018 American Society for Microbiology.This work was made possible by financial support from the Alberta Livestock and Meat Agency Ltd. and the Saskatchewan Agriculture Development Fund. We also thank Don Wilson and the VIDO Animal Care Unit for their invaluable help in obtaining blood and lung lavage samples.Scopu

Morphometric Analysis of the Extensor Tendons of the Hallux and Potential Implications for Tendon Grafting

Although several tendon sources are available for reconstructive surgical procedures, all have one or more shortcomings. The aim of this work was to evaluate if the extensor tendons of the hallux showed anatomical characteristics that could make them an additional source for tendon grafting procedures.The authors performed a detailed morphometric analysis of the extensor tendons of the hallux in 26 lower limbs in order to evaluate the putative association of anatomical variants with hallux valgus, and to attempt to assess the feasibility of using part of the extensor apparatus of the hallux as a source of tendon for grafting procedures.An accessory extensor hallucis longus ten-don was found in 92.3% of cases. The extensor hallucis brevis tendon length was 10.5 ± 0.6 cm; its width was 0.5 ± 0.1 cm, and its thickness varied between 1-2 mm, making it a potentially good candidate as a source of ten-don grafts. Several anatomical variations were observed, namely the fusion of the tendons of the extensor hallucis brevis and the accessory extensor hallucis longus muscles in the distal part of the foot.This new therapeutic option, if implemented, would possibly increase the supply of autogenous donor tissue for reconstructive procedures, thereby enhancing the reconstructive surgeon’s armamentarium

Contributions of cryptochromes and phototropins to stomatal opening through the day

The UV-A/blue photoreceptors phototropins and cryptochromes are both known to contribute to stomatal opening (∆gs) in blue light. However, their relative contributions to maintenance of gs in blue light through the whole photoperiod remains unknown. To elucidate this question, Arabidopsis phot1 phot2 and cry1 cry2 mutants (MTs) and their respective wild types (WTs) were irradiated with 200 μmol m-2 s-1 of blue-, green- or red-light (BL, GL or RL) throughout a 11-hour photoperiod. Stomatal conductance (gs) was higher under BL, than under RL or GL. Under RL, gs was not affected by either of the photoreceptor mutations, but under GL gs was slightly lower in cry1 cry2 than its WT. Under BL, the presence of phototropins was essential for rapid stomatal opening at the beginning of the photoperiod, while maximal stomatal opening beyond 3 h of irradiation required both phototropins and cryptochromes. Time courses of whole-plant net carbon assimilation rate (Anet) and the effective quantum yield of photosystem II photochemistry (ΦPSII) were consistent with an Anet-independent contribution of BL on gs both in phot1 phot2 and cry1 cry2 mutants. The changing roles of phototropins and cryptochromes through the day may allow more flexible coordination between gs and Anet.Peer reviewe

Satellite-derived bathymetry in optically complex waters using a model inversion approach and Sentinel-2 data

This study presents an assessment of a model inversion approach to derive shallow water bathymetry in optically complex waters, with the aim of both understanding localised capability and contributing to the global evaluation of Sentinel-2 for coastal monitoring. A dataset of 12 Sentinel-MSI images, in three different study areas along the Irish coast, has been analysed. Before the application of the bathymetric model two atmospheric correction procedures were tested: Deep Water Correction (DWC) and Case 2 Regional Coastal Color (C2RCC) processor. DWC outperformed C2RCC in the majority of the satellite images showing more consistent results. Using DWC for atmospheric correction before the application of the bathymetric model, the lowest average RMSE was found in Dublin Bay (RMSE ¼ 1.60, bias ¼ \u100000 0.51), followed by Mulroy Bay (RMSE ¼ 1.66, bias ¼ 1.30) while Brandon Bay showed the highest average error (RMSE ¼ 2.43, bias ¼ 1.86). However, when the optimal imagery selection was considered, depth estimations with a bias less than 0.1 m and a spread of 1.40 m were achieved up to 10 m. These results were comparable to those achieved by empirical tuning methods, despite not relying on any in situ depth data. This conclusion is of particular relevance as model inversion approaches might allow future modifications in crucial parts of the processing chain leading to improved results. Atmospheric correction, the selection of optimal images (e.g. low turbidity), the definition of suitably limited ranges for the per-pixel occurrence of optical constituents (phytoplankton, CDOM, backscatter) and seabed reflectances, in combination with the understanding of the specifics characteristics at each particular site, were critical steps in the derivation of satellite bathymetry

Divisão Alta do Nervo Isquiático: Duas Variantes Anatómicas Distintas

Introduction: Sciatic nerve variations are relatively common. These variations are often very significant in several fields of Medicine. The purpose of this paper is to present two such variants and discuss their clinical implications. Material and Methods: Three Caucasian cadavers with no prior history of lower limb trauma or surgery were dissected and found to present anatomical variants of the sciatic nerve. Results: In all cases the sciatic nerve divided above the popliteal fossa. In two cases (cadavers 1 and 2) it divided on both sides in the inferior portion of the gluteal region in its two terminal branches: the common fibular and the tibial nerves. In another case (cadaver 3) the sciatic nerve was found to divide inside the pelvis just before coursing the greater sciatic notch. The common fibular nerve exited the pelvis above the pyriformis muscle and then passed along its posterior aspect, while the tibial nerve coursed deep to the pyriformis muscle. Discussion: According to the literature, the anatomical variant described in cadaver 3 is considered relatively rare. This variant can predispose to nerve entrapment and thus to the pyriformis syndrome, sciatica and coccygodynia. The high division of the sciatic nerve, as presented in cadavers 1 and 2, can make popliteal nerve blocks partially ineffective. Conclusion: The anatomical variants associated with a high division of the sciatic nerve, must always be born in mind, as they are relatively prevalent, and have important clinical implications, namely in Anesthesiology, Neurology, Sports Medicine and Surgery